Brown Dwarf

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Brown Dwarfs


In the mid-180s astronomers began an intense search for brown dwarfs, but their early efforts found it to be unsuccessful. It was not until 15 that they found the first indisputable evidence of their existence. That discovery opened the doors; since then, researchers have detected dozens of the objects. In the following paper I will cover the following, What are brown Dwarfs? Secondly, the brown dwarfs first evidence of existence? Finally, Could they be planets?


What Is A Brown Dwarf?


For decades, brown dwarfs were the missing link of celestial bodies thought to exist but never observed. “Brown Dwarf was suggested in 175 by astrophysicist Jill C. Tarter, now director of research at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, Calif. The name is a bit misleading; a brown dwarf actually appears red, not brown. But the name “Red Dwarf” was already taken. (It is used to describe stars with less than half the suns mass.)


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A Brown Dwarf is a type of small, star like object that has been said to exist in the universe. Belief is that brown dwarfs are midway in mass between small known stars and large planets. It is said that scientists believe they form in the same manner as stars�that is, from the gravitational contraction of a mass of interstellar gas. However, brown dwarfs do not have enough mass to initiate thermonuclear reactions and become true stars (www.encartamsn.com).


First Evidence of Existence?


Brown Dwarfs were first conceived of in the early 160s as failed stars. It was not until 15 that they found the first indisputable evidence of their existence. That discovery opened the floodgates; since then,` researchers have detected dozens of the objects. This was due to a combination of increased sensitivity, better search strategies, and new means of distinguishing sub-stellar from stellar objects. Since then, a great deal of progress has been made on the observational front.


There is now a substantial amount of information to be said about actual brown dwarfs. There is a rough idea of how many of them occur as solitary objects and how many are found in binary systems. Astronomers have obtained the first glimpse of atmosphere intermediate in temperature between stars and planets, in which dust formation is a crucial process. It appears that numerically, brown dwarfs may be as common as stars (Basari, 18)


Could They Be Planets?


Astronomers have obtained images of a group of objects beyond our solar system that, based on their mass alone, could qualify as planets. The faint objects lie in a young star cluster, sigma Orionis, 1,00 light-years from Earth in the constellation Orion. Brown dwarfs have more mass than a planet but less mass than a star. Brown dwarfs are about the same size as the planet Jupiter, but they have about 10 to 75 times more mass than Jupiter. Mass is the amount of matter in an object (www.discoveryschool.com).


Questionable since 16 and confirmed to exist in 15, brown dwarfs are failed stars. Though enormous, they never grew massive enough to initiate the thermonuclear fusion that drives a real star. Most brown dwarfs are huge compared to the planets in our solar system. They can be up to 75 times as massive as Jupiter. A planet emits no visible light and a brown dwarf emits just enough to be detected. Yet some appear very planet-like. They can have a diameter closer to Jupiters and, frequently, orbit a star just as a planet would (www.discoveryschool.com).


To add to this confusion are the objects that freely drift though space. A batch of 18 has been revealed and has been called planets. But this specification is based on the notion that a planet is something that orbits a star. Even Though the free-floaters have the light signatures of planets, and they are just five to 15 times as massive as Jupiter, they might be brown dwarfs. The definition of a planet, meanwhile, is yet to be determined. This still leaves areas of confusion, allowing the possibility of some brown dwarfs to be classified as planets.


To conclude, in my paper I covered the following, What are brown Dwarfs? Secondly, the brown dwarfs first evidence of existence? Finally, Could they be planets?


REFERENCES


Basri G. 18a. Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets, Rebolo R, Martin EL, Zapatero Osorio MR eds., A.S.P. Conf. Ser. 144-404. San Francisco Astr. Soc. Pacific


Brown Dwarf, Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 001


http//encarta.msn.com � 17-001 Microsoft


Gibor Basri, Brown dwarf, Discovery Channel School, original content provided by World Book Online, http//www.discoveryschool.com/homeworkhelp/


worldbook/atozscience/b/07155.html, 001





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