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this is an The Factors Affecting The Resistance Of Wires
Aim
My aim for this experiment is to investigate and therefore observe the affects of changing the length of the electrical wire has upon the resistance of it. I will carry this experiment out to discover the length in which the resistance begins to increase by enlarging the distance the current must travel within a complete circuit.
Scientific Knowledge
Before completing this experiment I also need to have a basic knowledge of certain scientific terms.
It can be said that the electrical current can be defined as the flow of electrons around a circuit, this in turn can only flow if free charges are present to carry it. This is measured in coulombs/second (amperes). It becomes apparent that the current flows much better in metals due to the fact that within metals the current is carried by free electrons. Obviously this is better in certain metals and this depends on the amount of free electrons there are around the atoms of the wire, therefore the more atoms present, the greater the current flow. The free electrons collide with each other across the length of the wire and therefore this indicates electricity is conducted.
The term voltage is often referred to as electromotive force and basically relates to potential difference. It is the force that pushes the current around the circuit. The two types of voltage are direct and alternating, the direct voltage maintains the exact polarity permanently and in the alternating voltage the polarity reverses direction. It can be said that the voltage around the circuit always should equal the voltage of the supply.
The resistance is the result of the conversion of electrical energy to heat and basically involves the collisions of the free electrons with each other and the particles within a metal. Resistance can be measure using the formula
V = I � R where V = Voltage, I = Current and R = Resistance.
The resistance can depend on numerous factors, some of which are the following
The temperature of the material
Thermal properties
Frequency of the current
Dimensions and nature of the material
In completing this experiment it is also necessary to be familiar with Ohm’s Law which basically states that the current through a wire at a constant temperature is proportional to the potential difference.
Various correlations that become present are that when the voltage is increased, the current in turn also increases and when the resistance is high, the amount of current is less.
In summarising it is observed that the above theories indicate that the greater the length of the wire, the greater the resistance will become.
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